Ottoman Empire

The  Ottoman Empire ( Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه  Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿO s mâniyye Modern Turkish:  Osmanlı



İmparatorluğu), also historically referred to as the  Turkish Empire or  Turkey, was a state founded by  Turkish<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">tribes under Osman Bey<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">in north-western <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> Anatolia<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">With the conquest of <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> Constantinople<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">by <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> Mehmed II<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">in 1453, the Ottoman state became an empire. The empire reached its peak at 1683, covering parts of Asia, Europe and Africa. The reign of the long-lived Ottoman dynasty<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">lasted for 623 years, from 27 July 1299 <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">to 1 November 1922, when the monarchy in <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> Turkey<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">was abolished.

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.200000762939453px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful states in the world – a multinational, multilingual empire that stretched from the southern borders of the Holy Roman Empire to the outskirts of Vienna, Royal Hungary(modern Slovakia) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the north to Yemen and Eritrea in the south; from Algeria in the west to Azerbaijan in the east; controlling much of southeast Europe, Western Asia

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;"> and North Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, some of which were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.200000762939453px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">With Constantinople as its capital and vast control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the empire was at the

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.200000762939453px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for over six centuries.

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.200000762939453px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">After the international recognition of the new Turkish parliament headquartered in Ankara, by means of the Treaty

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.200000762939453px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">of Lausanne signed on 24 July 1923, the Turkish parliament proclaimed on 29 October 1923 the establishment of theRepublic of Turkey as the new Turkish State that succeeded and formally ended the defunct Ottoman Empire, in line with the treaty. The Ottoman Caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924; the Caliphate's authority and properties were transferred to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

Name
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">In Ottoman Turkish<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> the Empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿO s mâniyye<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">or alternatively Osmanlı Devleti<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> (عثمانلى دولتى). <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">In Modern Turkish<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> it is known as Osmanlı Devleti<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">. In older English usage, mostly the 19th century and earlier, it was usually referred to as the Turkish Empire<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> or Turkey